Assessment Of Blood Pressure Regulatory Controls To Detect Hypovolemia And Orthostatic Intolerance

Regulation of blood pressure is vital for maintaining organ perfusion and homeostasis. A significant decline in arterial blood pressure could lead to fainting and hypovolemic shock. In contrast to young and healthy, people with impaired autonomic control due to aging or disease find regulating blood pressure rather demanding during orthostatic challenge. This thesis performed an assessment of blood pressure regulatory controls during orthostatic challenge via traditional as well as novel approaches with two distinct applications 1) to design a robust automated system for early identification of hypovolemia and 2) to assess orthostatic tolerance in humans. In chapter 3, moderate intensity hemorrhage was simulated via lower-body negative pressure (LBNP) with an aim to identify moderate intensity hemorrhage (-30 and -40 mmHg LBNP) from resting baseline. Utilizing features extracted from common vital sign monitors, a classification accuracy of 82% and 91% was achieved for differentiating -30 and -40 mmHg LBNP, respectively from baseline. In chapter 4, cause-and-effect relationship between the representative signals of the cardiovascular and postural systems to ascertain blood pressure homeostasis during standing was performed. The degree of causal interaction between the two systems, studied via convergent cross mapping (CCM), showcased the existence of a significant bi-directional interaction between the representative signals of two systems to regulate blood pressure. Therefore, the two systems should be accounted for jointly when addressing physiology behind fall. Further, in chapter 5, the potential of artificial gravity (2-g) induced via short-arm human centrifuge at feet towards evoking blood pressure regulatory controls analogous to standing was investigated. The observation of no difference in the blood pressure regulatory controls, during 2-g centrifugation compared to standing, strongly supported the hypothesis of artificial hypergravity for mitigating cardiovascular deconditioning, hence minimizing post-flight orthostatic intolerance

NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF TURBINE BLADE COOLING PASSAGE WITH V-SHAPE TRUNCATED AND CONTINEOUS RIBS

This paper focus on 3D CFD analysis of an turbine blade cooling passage/duct in which the desired domain subjected to critical load i.e. static as well as dynamic load which is due turbine blade is operated at high temperature and pressure which results in thermal stress and alters the blade performance. In order to avoid clastatic failure of blade effective and efficient cooling techniques should be implemented which ultimately results in higher thermal efficiency and maximum power output. Extensive literature review is carried out in the field relating to turbine blade cooling. This work is concerned with the turbine surface blade internal duct cooling conventionally and with the help of coolant and heat transfer around the duct surface is been analysed and the performance is predicted with the help of Finite element volume tool ANSYS- Fluent, where simulation is being done. The goal is to carry out heat transfer coefficient at the turbine blade internal duct surface using different turbulent model as well as comparative case study is also been presented. The FEV results are validated with well published results in literature. In this research, which concluded that the V-shape 35-deg truncated ribs is the best as compared to the normal truncated and V-shape 35-deg continuous ribs for cooling the turbine blade after modification and analysis has been done. This investigation has been done the various solution analysis like; pressure drop, velocity, temperature, wall shear stress, heat transfer coefficient etc

NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF CAPILLARY TUBE BY REPLACING THE INSIDE REFRIGERANT AND DIAMETER

The capillary tube used in the mostly in the refrigerant flow control devices. Hence performance of the capillary tube is best for good refrigerant flow. The many researchers had been concluding performance using experimentally, theoretically and analysis based. In this present work analyze the flow analysis of the refrigerant inside a capillary tube for adiabatic flow conditions. The proposed model can predict flow characteristics in adiabatic capillary tubes for a given mass flow rate. In the present work R-22 is replaced by Ammonia refrigerant has been used as a working fluid inside the capillary tube and the capillary tube design is changed straight to coiled capillary, which taken from good literature. The analysis is done in ANSYS CFX 16.2 software. It is observed from the results dryness fraction by using the helical capillary tube (Ammonia refrigerant flow) is better than straight and existing helical capillary tube (R22 refrigerant flow). The best suitable helical coiled design is suggested

Huriez syndrome: a rare palmoplantar keratoderma

The Huriez syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant transgradient palmoplantar keratoderma which is characterized by scleroatrophy of the fingers, nail changes and squamous cell carcinomas in affected skin. Herein, we present a non-familial case of very rare plamoplantar keratoderma with scleroatrophy - the Huriez syndrome in a 45 year old female patient

Comparison of single dose transdermal patches of diclofenac and ketoprofen for postoperative analgesia in lower limb orthopaedic surgery

Background: Transdermal patch is a very simple and painless method for providing postoperative analgesia. The aim of the study was to compare the  efficacy and safety of transdermal patch of ketoprofen in comparison to diclofenac patch for postoperative analgesia. It is a randomized single blind study.Methods: Sixty patients were randomly allocated to receive either ketoprofen or diclofenac patch at the end of surgery under spinal anaesthesia. Statistical analyses used, data were analyzed using statistical package for social sciences version 15.0.Results: In diclofenac group the post-operative VAS was 2.4±0.72 and in ketoprofen group, post-operative VAS was 1.4±0.3 which was significantly low when compared to group D (p<0.05 value). 11 patients in group D and 3 patients in group K required rescue analgesia (Inj. tramadol) in the first 24 hours which was statically significant (p<0.05).Conclusions: Both ketoprofen and diclofenac transdermal patch are effective for postoperative analgesia but less number of patients required rescue analgesic in ketoprofen group

The Effect of Roughness Geometries on Heat Transfer Enhancement in Solar Air Heater - A Review

Artificial roughness applied on the absorber plate in the solar air heater is the most acclaimed method to improve thermal performance. Moreover it is required to understand how flow field is affected by particular roughness geometry with artificial roughness. This roughness creates turbulence in flowing air by disturbing laminar sub-layer as turbulence increases there in increament of heat transfer rate.Some distinguished roughness geometries have been compared on the basis of heat transfer enhancements, Nusselt number and friction factor correlations as function of system and operating parameters for predicting performance of the system having investigated type of roughness geometry.Arti?cial roughness in the form of ribs is a convenient method for enhancing thermal performance of solar air heaters.W shape rectangular ribs in discrete form with double passwill show the significant increase in heat transfer rate and friction loss over the smooth channel in the range of parameter of Renolds no 10000 to 12000, relative roughness height 0.043 to0.044, relative roughness pitch 10 to 12, angle of attack 60° to 70°

Assessment of awareness towards pharmacovigilance programme of india and reporting of adverse drug reactions among nurses in a tertiary care hospital

Background: The success of PvPI depends upon spontaneous reporting of ADRs by health care professionals especially nurses as they are usually first contact persons for patients in case of ADRs after use of medicines. Underreporting of ADRs due to inadequate reporting culture among health care professionals is the main hindrance in the path of this programme. So, to assess the awareness, attitude and practices of nurses regarding PvPI and ADR reporting this study was undertaken.Methods: It was a cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study in which 130 nurses responded. The 12-items questionnaire feedback form provided by Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission (IPC) was used to assess the awareness of nurses towards pharmacovigilance programme and Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) reporting practices.Results: After analysing the questionnaire, it was observed that, despite satisfactory level of awareness and interest of the nurses to participate in this programme, still there is meagre ADR reporting practices among the nurses.Conclusions: Lack of reporting culture and improper communication is the root of problem which should be overcome in future by proper training for patient safety

Parametric vis-a-vis non parametric measures describing G x E interactions for salt salinity tolerant barley genotypes in multi-environment trials

GxE interaction to know adaptability of 19 salt salinity tolerant barley genotypes was studied by parametric and non-parametric measures. Genotypes KB1516, RD2907 and RD2794 showed minimum environmental variance over different environments. Superiority index identified genotypes RD2907 and NDB1445 with lowest value accompanied with higher. Wricke’s measure exhibited lower values of DWRB168,&nbsp; DWRB165 and NDB1445. Higher values of GAI showed consistent performance of RD2907, NDB1445 and RD2552. Non-parametric measures Si(1), Si(3) and Si(6) the considered DWRB165 and DWRB168&nbsp; as desirable genotypes. Thennarasu’s first measure NPi(1) found DWRB168 and NDB1445 as desirable adaptable and KB1546, RD2907 and NDB1173 were unstable genotypes. Wricke’s parameter was positively correlated with NPi(1), NPi(3) and Kang. GAI had significant positive with Pi and Kang while negative with Si(6), NPi(2) &amp; NPi(4). Worth to mention the negative association of&nbsp; Pi with Si(6), NPi(2), NPi(4). Non parametric measures Si (3) Si (6) NPi (2) &amp; NPi (4) clubbed together while Kang, Wi 2, s2i ,Si (1),Si (2) ,NPi (1) &amp; NPi (3)&nbsp; joined in another cluster.&nbsp; Left over parametric measures were grouped in two separate clusters i.e. (bi, S2xi ,CVi),(Yield, GAI Pi) respectively.&nbsp; Biplot analysis based on first two principal components showed three groups among the measures

A retrospective analytical study of treatment outcomes among multi drug resistant tuberculosis patients

Background: India is amongst one of the high multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) burden countries globally with a huge contribution given by the state of Uttar Pradesh. Programmatic Management of Drug Resistant Tuberculosis, initiated in 2007 has taken over the disorganized and unsupervised treatment practice in India. However, regular scrutiny is required which points out both its success and failure. Aim &amp; Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate final treatment outcomes among MDR-TB patients on standard Category IV regimen Settings and Design: Retrospective analysis was done using secondary data from medical records of all patients. Methods and Material: Data of all MDR-TB patients registered under RNTCP at King George’s Medical University, Lucknow from 2013 to 2016 was collected. Demographic details along with pre-defined treatment outcomes were recorded (cured, treatment completed, death, treatment failure, treatment default and transfer to higher centre). Statistical analysis used: Descriptive statistics using numbers and percentage. Results: The records of 3580 MDR tuberculosis patients registered at drug resistant tuberculosis centre in King George’s Medical University from January 2013 to December 2016 were included which consisted of 67%males and 33%female. Mean age of presentation was 31.17 years (95% CI 30.75-31.59). Mean weight of patients was 40.16 kg (95% CI 39.89-40.43). Year wise distribution of registered cases from 2013 to 2016 was 611, 799, 984 and 1186 patients respectively. Amongst 3580 patients, 30.39% were declared cured, 25.50% completed treatment, 21.39% died, 0.84% showed treatment failure, 12.54% were defaulters, 2.35% were transferred out to higher centre, 6.5% were shifted to regimen for Extensive drug resistant (EDR) TB, 0.16% patients needed to stop treatment due to ADR and 0.33% patient were still on treatment. Conclusion: The treatment success rate of MDR?TB patients is still low. Measures to improve treatment adherence as in National tuberculosis elimination programme (NTEP) attempts to further improve the success rate